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Timbre-based tonal organization (TO) differs from that based on frequency in its personal orientation: musicking here occurs primarily for oneself and/or for close relatives/friends. Although some Soviet-era publications were tainted by Marxist ideology, many researchers strove to provide accurate information (despite at times having been prosecuted for their work), and post-1990 research undertook a substantial revision of ideologically compromised concepts. Much of the data has not been translated into Western languages. It involved the efforts of thousands of specialists and was coordinated by dozens of research institutions, and it has included not just ethnomusicology but linguistics, philology, organology, archaeology, anthropology, geography, and religious, and social studies. This evidence comes mainly from extensive ethnographic research systematically conducted in eastern European and Asian parts of Russia from the 1890s. We would like to present evidence to the contrary-in support of the existence of indigenous music systems based on the discretization and patterning of aspects of timbre, rather than pitch. The presence of discrete pitch is often regarded as the structural criterion that distinguishes music from non-music. Subsequently, whenever samples of timbre-based music attract the attention of Western researchers, these are usually interpreted as “defective” implementations of frequency-based music. Unfortunately, the current scientific research into music has been skewed almost entirely in favor of the frequency-based music prevalent in the West. This is an attempt to describe and explain so-called timbre-based music as a special system of musicking, communication, and psychological and social usage, which along with its corresponding beliefs constitutes a viable alternative to “frequency-based” music.
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Jaw Harp (JH) as a Principal Musical Instrument of Eurasian Timbre-Based Music.The Concept of Musicality in Timbre-Based Music.Personal Song (PS) as a Form of Timbre-Based Vocal Music.Transmission and Participation in Performance of Timbre-Based Music.Dichotomy Between Timbre-Based and Frequency-Based Music.The editor and reviewers' affiliations are the latest provided on their Loop research profiles and may not reflect their situation at the time of review.